Abstract

Background: Wilms tumor is a common pediatric malignancy. In Vietnam, reports regarding the surgical outcomes of this pathology remain limited.

Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study was conducted on 48 pediatric patients with Wilms tumor who underwent surgery between January 2022 and December 2024.

Results: Preoperative chemotherapy was administered to 70.8% of the patients, whereas 29.2% underwent upfront surgery. No intraoperative tumor rupture or surgical complications were recorded. The laparoscopic surgery group had a significantly smaller preoperative tumor volume compared to the open surgery group (p = 0.008). The negative surgical margin rates in the preoperative chemotherapy cohort and the upfront surgery cohort were 79.4% and 78.6%, respectively. The positive margin group had a significantly larger tumor volume (p = 0.009). The early postoperative period was favorable, with 100% of cases classified as Clavien-Dindo grade 0-I. The local recurrence rate was 4.2% after a median follow-up of 20 months, and no late surgical complications were observed.

Conclusions: Surgical treatment for pediatric Wilms tumor is safe and yields favorable early surgical outcomes. Larger studies with longer follow-up periods are warranted.