Abstract

Objectives: this study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the T-31C polymorphism of the IL-1β gene and its association with the risk of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in patients with gastritis at Cho Ray Hospital from September 2023 to September 2025.

Methods: an analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 392 patients with gastritis, including 196 patients infected with H. pylori and 196 patients without H. pylori infection.

Results: The mean age of the study population was 47.5 ± 13.37 years. The prevalence of H. pylori infection did not differ significantly by sex or place of residence (p > 0.05). Patients aged 31–59 years and ≥60 years had a significantly higher risk of H. pylori infection compared with those aged ≤30 years (p = 0.003). A history of NSAID use and the presence of comorbidities were significantly associated with an increased risk of H. pylori infection (OR = 9.21 and OR = 10.48, respectively; p < 0.01). No significant differences were observed in the distribution of genotypes or alleles of the T-31C polymorphism of the IL-1β gene between H. pylori - infected and non-infected groups (p > 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis confirmed that age and a history of NSAID use were independent factors associated with the risk of H. pylori infection, whereas the T-31C polymorphism of the IL-1β gene showed no significant association.

Conclusion: Screening for and management of H. pylori infection should be prioritized in older patients with gastritis and a history of NSAID use. In addition, multicenter studies with larger sample sizes are needed to comprehensively evaluate the association between the IL-1β T-31C polymorphism and the risk of H. pylori infection. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, gastritis, T-31C, gene polymorphism, IL-1β gene.