Abstract

Background: Bronchial asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease in children. Respiratory allergies account for 70-80% of disease onset causes. Skin prick test (SPT) is the gold standard diagnostic method for allergies. Vietnam lacks data on respiratory allergen patterns via SPT in hospitalized children with asthma, affecting diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted from November 2023 to November 2024. A maximum of 63 children (age 5-15 years) with diagnosed stable bronchial asthma. SPT performed with 5-7 respiratory allergens (D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae, dog hair, cat hair, pollen, mold). Results analyzed using SPSS 20.0.

Results: 63 children with asthma (mean age 8±2 years, 55.6% male). Positive SPT rate: 52.4% (33/63). Most common allergens: D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae (39.7% each), cat hair (12.7%), dog hair (4.8%). 47.6% completely negative. In the group with previous asthma diagnosis history, the positive rate for D. pteronyssinus (44.2%) and D. farinae (46.2%) was significantly higher than those without history (18.2% and 9.1%, p<0.05). The D. pteronyssinus-positive group had a higher rate of complete control (60.9% vs 24.1%, p=0.018).

Conclusion: House dust mite allergens (D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae) are the most common respiratory allergens in asthmatic children in Hue. Previous asthma diagnosis history is strongly associated with house dust mite allergy. D. pteronyssinus allergy is associated with better asthma control.