Abstract

Background: Atherogenic indices (TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, non-HDL-C/HDL-C) and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index are new, optimal indicators that better assess cardiovascular risk and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Studying these indices and cardiometabolic risk factors helps clarify their relationships and establish effective management strategies. This study aimsto investigate atherogenic indices, the TyG index, andcardiometabolic risk factors in patients with T2DM; and to evaluate the relationship between atherogenic indices, the TyG index, and cardiometabolic risk factors in this patient group.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 111 inpatients with T2DM at the Department of Cardiology, Hue Central Hospital. Patient history, clinical examination, and laboratory tests were performed. Atherogenic indices and the TyG index were calculated. Associations between indices and risk factors were analyzed.

Results:41.4% of patients had elevated TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C, 32.4% had elevated non-HDL-C/HDL-C, and 27.9% had elevated TG/HDL-C. The TyG index was elevated in 72.1% of patients. Patients with elevated TyG had an approximately 11-fold higher risk of poor HbA1c control compared to those with normal TyG (OR = 11.37; 95% CI: 3.74–34.55; p < 0.01). The TC/HDL-C index was negatively correlated with age (r = –0.20; p = 0.02), and TG/HDL-C was positively correlated with HbA1c (r = 0.24; p < 0.01).

Conclusions:Patients with T2DM had increased atherogenic indices and TyG index, with particularly high rates of elevated TyG (72.1%). The TyG index and TG/HDL-C showed strong associations with hyperglycemia.